As the joystick is moved, the potentiometers’ resistance adjustments, resulting in various voltage degrees that could be read through by a microcontroller or other processing device. Take note that this example assumes you are working with an Arduino-compatible board that supports the Joystick library, like the Arduino Leonardo or Micro. https://arcade-joystick34218.tribunablog.com/not-known-facts-about-arcade-joystick-52516745